AQS定义了一套多线程访问共享资源的同步器框架，许多同步类实现都依赖于它，如常用的ReentrantLock/Semaphore/CountDownLatch等
它是CLHLock（Craig, Landin, and Hagersten (CLH) lock）的变种，CLHLock是一个基于队列锁的自旋锁算法。AQS也采用了队列来作为同步线程的结构，它维护了两个队列，一个是作为线程同步的同步队列，另一个是基于Unsafe来进行阻塞/唤醒操作的条件队列parkAndCheckInterrupt
入队列需要cas队尾并死循环直到成功，因为考虑并发插入的情况
自定义同步器在实现时只需要实现共享资源state的获取与释放方式即可，至于具体线程等待队列的维护（如获取资源失败入队/唤醒出队等），AQS已经在顶层实现好了。自定义同步器实现时主要实现以下几种方法：
Node结点是对每一个等待获取资源的线程的封装，其包含了需要同步的线程本身及其等待状态，如是否被阻塞、是否等待唤醒、是否已经被取消等。变量waitStatus则表示当前Node结点的等待状态，共有5种取值CANCELLED、SIGNAL、CONDITION、PROPAGATE、0。
static final class Node {
/** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in shared mode */
static final Node SHARED = new Node();
/** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in exclusive mode */
static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;
/** waitStatus value to indicate thread has cancelled */
static final int CANCELLED = 1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate successor's thread needs unparking */
static final int SIGNAL = -1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate thread is waiting on condition */
static final int CONDITION = -2;
/**
* waitStatus value to indicate the next acquireShared should
* unconditionally propagate
*/
static final int PROPAGATE = -3;
/**
* Status field, taking on only the values:
* SIGNAL: The successor of this node is (or will soon be)
* blocked (via park), so the current node must
* unpark its successor when it releases or
* cancels. To avoid races, acquire methods must
* first indicate they need a signal,
* then retry the atomic acquire, and then,
* on failure, block.
* CANCELLED: This node is cancelled due to timeout or interrupt.
* Nodes never leave this state. In particular,
* a thread with cancelled node never again blocks.
* CONDITION: This node is currently on a condition queue.
* It will not be used as a sync queue node
* until transferred, at which time the status
* will be set to 0. (Use of this value here has
* nothing to do with the other uses of the
* field, but simplifies mechanics.)
* PROPAGATE: A releaseShared should be propagated to other
* nodes. This is set (for head node only) in
* doReleaseShared to ensure propagation
* continues, even if other operations have
* since intervened.
* 0: None of the above
*
* The values are arranged numerically to simplify use.
* Non-negative values mean that a node doesn't need to
* signal. So, most code doesn't need to check for particular
* values, just for sign.
*
* The field is initialized to 0 for normal sync nodes, and
* CONDITION for condition nodes. It is modified using CAS
* (or when possible, unconditional volatile writes).
*/
volatile int waitStatus;
/**
* Link to predecessor node that current node/thread relies on
* for checking waitStatus. Assigned during enqueuing, and nulled
* out (for sake of GC) only upon dequeuing. Also, upon
* cancellation of a predecessor, we short-circuit while
* finding a non-cancelled one, which will always exist
* because the head node is never cancelled: A node becomes
* head only as a result of successful acquire. A
* cancelled thread never succeeds in acquiring, and a thread only
* cancels itself, not any other node.
*/
volatile Node prev;
/**
* Link to the successor node that the current node/thread
* unparks upon release. Assigned during enqueuing, adjusted
* when bypassing cancelled predecessors, and nulled out (for
* sake of GC) when dequeued. The enq operation does not
* assign next field of a predecessor until after attachment,
* so seeing a null next field does not necessarily mean that
* node is at end of queue. However, if a next field appears
* to be null, we can scan prev's from the tail to
* double-check. The next field of cancelled nodes is set to
* point to the node itself instead of null, to make life
* easier for isOnSyncQueue.
*/
volatile Node next;
/**
* The thread that enqueued this node. Initialized on
* construction and nulled out after use.
*/
volatile Thread thread;
/**
* Link to next node waiting on condition, or the special
* value SHARED. Because condition queues are accessed only
* when holding in exclusive mode, we just need a simple
* linked queue to hold nodes while they are waiting on
* conditions. They are then transferred to the queue to
* re-acquire. And because conditions can only be exclusive,
* we save a field by using special value to indicate shared
* mode.
*/
Node nextWaiter;
/**
* Returns true if node is waiting in shared mode.
*/
final boolean isShared() {
return nextWaiter == SHARED;
}
/**
* Returns previous node, or throws NullPointerException if null.
* Use when predecessor cannot be null. The null check could
* be elided, but is present to help the VM.
*
* @return the predecessor of this node
*/
final Node predecessor() throws NullPointerException {
Node p = prev;
if (p == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
else
return p;
}
Node() { // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker
}
Node(Thread thread, Node mode) { // Used by addWaiter
this.nextWaiter = mode;
this.thread = thread;
}
Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Condition
this.waitStatus = waitStatus;
this.thread = thread;
}
}
利用cacs线程安全的加入队列
compareAndSetTail
private Node enq(final Node node) {
for (;;) {
Node t = tail;
if (t == null) { // Must initialize
if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
tail = head;
} else {
node.prev = t;
// tail如果等于t，则设置tail为node，否则死循环
if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
t.next = node;
return t;
}
}
}
}
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
selfInterrupt();
}
子类实现
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
//以给定模式构造结点。mode有两种：EXCLUSIVE（独占）和SHARED（共享）
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
//尝试快速方式直接放到队尾。
Node pred = tail;
if (pred != null) {
node.prev = pred;
// cas前面拿出的tail与当前的tail比较，相同则tail指向node
if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
pred.next = node;
return node;
}
}
//上一步失败则通过enq入队，死循环不断cas，直到插入尾部
enq(node);
return node;
}
private Node enq(final Node node) {
//CAS"自旋"，直到成功加入队尾
for (;;) {
Node t = tail;
if (t == null) { // 队列为空，创建一个空的标志结点作为head结点，并将tail也指向它。
if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
tail = head;
} else {//正常流程，放入队尾
node.prev = t;
if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
t.next = node;
return t;
}
}
}
}
进入等待状态休息，直到其他线程彻底释放资源后唤醒自己
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;//标记是否成功拿到资源
try {
boolean interrupted = false;//标记等待过程中是否被中断过
//又是一个“自旋”！
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();//拿到前驱
//如果前驱是head，即该结点已成老二，那么便有资格去尝试获取资源（可能是老大释放完资源唤醒自己的，当然也可能被interrupt了）。
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);//拿到资源后，将head指向该结点。所以head所指的标杆结点，就是当前获取到资源的那个结点或null。
p.next = null; // setHead中node.prev已置为null，此处再将head.next置为null，就是为了方便GC回收以前的head结点。也就意味着之前拿完资源的结点出队了！
failed = false; // 成功获取资源
return interrupted;//返回等待过程中是否被中断过
}
//如果自己可以休息了，就通过park()进入waiting状态，直到被unpark()。如果不可中断的情况下被中断了，那么会从park()中醒过来，发现拿不到资源，从而继续进入park()等待。
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;//如果等待过程中被中断过，哪怕只有那么一次，就将interrupted标记为true
}
} finally {
if (failed) // 如果等待过程中没有成功获取资源（如timeout，或者可中断的情况下被中断了），那么取消结点在队列中的等待。
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
检查状态，看看自己是否真的可以去休息了
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
int ws = pred.waitStatus;//拿到前驱的状态
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
//如果已经告诉前驱拿完号后通知自己一下，那就可以安心休息了
return true;
if (ws > 0) {
/*
* 如果前驱放弃了，那就一直往前找，直到找到最近一个正常等待的状态，并排在它的后边。
* 注意：那些放弃的结点，由于被自己“加塞”到它们前边，它们相当于形成一个无引用链，稍后就会被保安大叔赶走了(GC回收)！
*/
do {
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
} while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
pred.next = node;
} else {
//如果前驱正常，那就把前驱的状态设置成SIGNAL，告诉它拿完号后通知自己一下。有可能失败，人家说不定刚刚释放完呢！
compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
}
return false;
}
进入等待状态
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
LockSupport.park(this);//调用park()使线程进入waiting状态
return Thread.interrupted();//如果被唤醒，查看自己是不是被中断的。
}
释放锁（即state=0）,它会唤醒等待队列里的其他线程来获取资源
public final boolean release(int arg) {
if (tryRelease(arg)) {
Node h = head;//找到头结点
if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
unparkSuccessor(h);//唤醒等待队列里的下一个线程
return true;
}
return false;
}
protected boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
从过后往前找最后一个status<=0的节点，并唤醒该节点上的线程
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
//这里，node一般为当前线程所在的结点。
int ws = node.waitStatus;
if (ws < 0)//置零当前线程所在的结点状态，允许失败。
compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
Node s = node.next;//找到下一个需要唤醒的结点s
if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {//如果为空或已取消
s = null;
for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev) // 从后向前找。
if (t.waitStatus <= 0)//从这里可以看出，<=0的结点，都是还有效的结点。
s = t;
}
if (s != null)
LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);//唤醒
}
共享模式下线程获取共享资源和独享差不多。区别是自己拿到资源后，还会去唤醒后继队友的操作
ReentrantLock/CountDownLatch/Semphore的实现方式都差不多
class Mutex implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
// 自定义同步器
private static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
// 判断是否锁定状态
protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
return getState() == 1;
}
// 尝试获取资源，立即返回。成功则返回true，否则false。
public boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
assert acquires == 1; // 这里限定只能为1个量
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {//state为0才设置为1，不可重入！
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());//设置为当前线程独占资源
return true;
}
return false;
}
// 尝试释放资源，立即返回。成功则为true，否则false。
protected boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
assert releases == 1; // 限定为1个量
if (getState() == 0)//既然来释放，那肯定就是已占有状态了。只是为了保险，多层判断！
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(0);//释放资源，放弃占有状态
return true;
}
}
// 真正同步类的实现都依赖继承于AQS的自定义同步器！
private final Sync sync = new Sync();
//lock<-->acquire。两者语义一样：获取资源，即便等待，直到成功才返回。
public void lock() {
sync.acquire(1);
}
//tryLock<-->tryAcquire。两者语义一样：尝试获取资源，要求立即返回。成功则为true，失败则为false。
public boolean tryLock() {
return sync.tryAcquire(1);
}
//unlock<-->release。两者语文一样：释放资源。
public void unlock() {
sync.release(1);
}
//锁是否占有状态
public boolean isLocked() {
return sync.isHeldExclusively();
}
}
https://www.cnblogs.com/waterystone/p/4920797.html