EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); 接收客户端连接线程池，1个线程
EventLoopGroup workGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); 处理读写事件的线程池，默认cpu核心数*2
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap=new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) //服务端用什么通道
.childHandler(new TestServerLnitializer()); //已经连接上来的客户端
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8989).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
监听线程只有一个pipline
每一次连接都会新建一个pipline
死循环轮询任务队列，如果是select事件，则处理select事件（死循环处理select的时候，如果有任务来，包括ios事件，优先执行任务，跳出循环，执行队列里的其他事件）
一个或多个Acceptor线程，每个线程都有自己的Selector，Acceptor只负责accept新的连接，一旦连接建立之后就将连接注册到其他Worker线程中。 多个Worker线程，有时候也叫IO线程，就是专门负责IO读写的。一种实现方式就是像Netty一样，每个Worker线程都有自己的Selector，可以负责多个连接的IO读写事件，每个连接归属于某个线程。另一种方式实现方式就是有专门的线程负责IO事件监听，这些线程有自己的Selector，一旦监听到有IO读写事件，并不是像第一种实现方式那样（自己去执行IO操作），而是将IO操作封装成一个Runnable交给Worker线程池来执行，这种情况每个连接可能会被多个线程同时操作，相比第一种并发性提高了，但是也可能引来多线程问题，在处理上要更加谨慎些。tomcat的NIO模型就是第二种。netty是第一种
serverBootstrap.handler
serverBootstrap.childHandler
封装jdk nio
Netty 对 JDK 自带的 NIO 的 API 进行封装，解决上述问题，主要特点有：
多生产单消费者队列，属于无锁队列
MpscUnboundedArrayQueue
1、private volatile long producerLimit;
// 数据链表所分配或者扩展后的容量值
2、protected long producerIndex;
// 生产者指针，每添加一个数据，指针加2
3、protected long consumerIndex;
// 消费者指针，每移除一个数据，指针加2
4、private static final int RETRY = 1; // 重新尝试，有可能是因为并发原因，CAS操作指针失败，所以需要重新尝试添加动作
private static final int QUEUE_FULL = 2; // 队列已满，直接返回false操作
private static final int QUEUE_RESIZE = 3; // 需要扩容处理，扩容的后的容量值producerLimit一般都是mask的N倍
// 添加数据时，根据offerSlowPath返回的状态值来做各种处理
5、protected E[] producerBuffer;
// 数据缓冲区，需要添加的数据放在此
6、protected long producerMask;
// 生产者扩充容量值，一般producerMask与consumerMask是一致的，而且需要扩容的数值一般和此值一样
7、public boolean offer(final E e)
// 添加元素
8、public E poll()
// 移除元素
cas竞争生产者指针
在AbstractChannel抽象类包含pipeline，属于对象的公共行为
private final DefaultChannelPipeline pipeline;
public class DefaultPromise<V> extends AbstractFuture<V> implements Promise<V> {
private volatile Object result;
}
io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup#NioEventLoopGroup(int, java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory)->
io.netty.util.concurrent.MultithreadEventExecutorGroup#MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int, java.util.concurrent.Executor, io.netty.util.concurrent.EventExecutorChooserFactory, java.lang.Object...) {
if (nThreads <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("nThreads: %d (expected: > 0)", nThreads));
}
if (executor == null) {
executor = new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(newDefaultThreadFactory());
}
children = new EventExecutor[nThreads];
for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i ++) {
boolean success = false;
try {
// 1. 生成多个线程组，一个组里只有一个线程和一个队列NioEventLoop
// 2. 创建NioEventLoop，生成selector
//io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#NioEventLoop->
children[i] = newChild(executor, args);
success = true;
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: Think about if this is a good exception type
throw new IllegalStateException("failed to create a child event loop", e);
} finally {
if (!success) {
for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) {
children[j].shutdownGracefully();
}
for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) {
EventExecutor e = children[j];
try {
while (!e.isTerminated()) {
e.awaitTermination(Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
} catch (InterruptedException interrupted) {
// Let the caller handle the interruption.
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
break;
}
}
}
}
}
// 生成如何选择线程组的策略
chooser = chooserFactory.newChooser(children);
final FutureListener<Object> terminationListener = new FutureListener<Object>() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(Future<Object> future) throws Exception {
if (terminatedChildren.incrementAndGet() == children.length) {
terminationFuture.setSuccess(null);
}
}
};
// 监听线程终止
for (EventExecutor e: children) {
e.terminationFuture().addListener(terminationListener);
}
Set<EventExecutor> childrenSet = new LinkedHashSet<EventExecutor>(children.length);
Collections.addAll(childrenSet, children);
readonlyChildren = Collections.unmodifiableSet(childrenSet);
}
// newChild，遍历生成NioEventLoop，形成线程组
NioEventLoop(NioEventLoopGroup parent, Executor executor, SelectorProvider selectorProvider,
SelectStrategy strategy, RejectedExecutionHandler rejectedExecutionHandler,
EventLoopTaskQueueFactory queueFactory) {
super(parent, executor, false, newTaskQueue(queueFactory), newTaskQueue(queueFactory),
rejectedExecutionHandler);
if (selectorProvider == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("selectorProvider");
}
if (strategy == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("selectStrategy");
}
provider = selectorProvider;
final SelectorTuple selectorTuple = openSelector();
selector = selectorTuple.selector;
unwrappedSelector = selectorTuple.unwrappedSelector;
selectStrategy = strategy;
// 增加pipeline
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("debegLog", debugLogHandler);
}
}
执行引擎，串联boss和worker，并提供boss和worker的ChannelHandler链式处理请求
// 设置serverBootstrap的acceptor线程组和io处理线程组
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workGroup);
public class ServerBootstrap extends AbstractBootstrap<ServerBootstrap, ServerChannel> {
private static final InternalLogger logger = InternalLoggerFactory.getInstance(ServerBootstrap.class);
// workerGroup的属性
private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> childOptions = new ConcurrentHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>();
private final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> childAttrs = new ConcurrentHashMap<AttributeKey<?>, Object>();
private final ServerBootstrapConfig config = new ServerBootstrapConfig(this);
private volatile EventLoopGroup childGroup;
private volatile ChannelHandler childHandler;
}
public abstract class AbstractBootstrap<B extends AbstractBootstrap<B, C>, C extends Channel> implements Cloneable {
// bossGroup的属性
volatile EventLoopGroup group;
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
private volatile ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory;
private volatile SocketAddress localAddress;
private final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = new ConcurrentHashMap<ChannelOption<?>, Object>();
private final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = new ConcurrentHashMap<AttributeKey<?>, Object>();
private volatile ChannelHandler handler;
}
main thread
boss thread
io.netty.bootstrap.AbstractBootstrap#bind(int)
io.netty.bootstrap.AbstractBootstrap#doBind
private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
// 创建NioServerSocketChannel并在channel中创建pipeline，并在serverSocketChannel上注册事件0
final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
return regFuture;
}
//不能肯定register完成，因为register是丢到nio event loop里面执行去了。
if (regFuture.isDone()) {
// At this point we know that the registration was complete and successful.
ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
return promise;
} else {
// Registration future is almost always fulfilled already, but just in case it's not.
final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
//等着register完成来通知再执行bind
regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
Throwable cause = future.cause();
if (cause != null) {
// Registration on the EventLoop failed so fail the ChannelPromise directly to not cause an
// IllegalStateException once we try to access the EventLoop of the Channel.
promise.setFailure(cause);
} else {
// Registration was successful, so set the correct executor to use.
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2586
promise.registered();
// 绑定事件0成功之后，触发该监听事件
doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
}
}
});
return promise;
}
}
// 创建NioServerSocketChannel和DefaultChannelPipeline，并用options初始化channel
io.netty.bootstrap.AbstractBootstrap#initAndRegister
io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap#init
final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
Channel channel = null;
try {
// 创建NioServerSocketChannel和socket
channel = channelFactory.newChannel();
//创建 DefaultChannelPipeline，增加ServerBootstrapAcceptor handler
init(channel);
} catch (Throwable t) {
if (channel != null) {
// channel can be null if newChannel crashed (eg SocketException("too many open files"))
channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
// as the Channel is not registered yet we need to force the usage of the GlobalEventExecutor
return new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
}
// as the Channel is not registered yet we need to force the usage of the GlobalEventExecutor
return new DefaultChannelPromise(new FailedChannel(), GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
}
// 选择一个线程，注册事件0到selector
ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);
if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
if (channel.isRegistered()) {
channel.close();
} else {
channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
}
}
// If we are here and the promise is not failed, it's one of the following cases:
// 1) If we attempted registration from the event loop, the registration has been completed at this point.
// i.e. It's safe to attempt bind() or connect() now because the channel has been registered.
// 2) If we attempted registration from the other thread, the registration request has been successfully
// added to the event loop's task queue for later execution.
// i.e. It's safe to attempt bind() or connect() now:
// because bind() or connect() will be executed *after* the scheduled registration task is executed
// because register(), bind(), and connect() are all bound to the same thread.
return regFuture;
}
io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap#init
void init(Channel channel) throws Exception {
final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options0();
synchronized (options) {
setChannelOptions(channel, options, logger);
}
final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs0();
synchronized (attrs) {
for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey();
channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue());
}
}
ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();
final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup;
final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler;
final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs;
synchronized (childOptions) {
currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(0));
}
synchronized (childAttrs) {
currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(0));
}
// 加入p的tail的前面节点
p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
if (handler != null) {
// bossGroup设置的handler
pipeline.addLast(handler);
}
ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 将处理acceptor请求的handler，插入到p的tail前节点
pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
}
});
}
});
}
所有IO事件都是先注册事件0，再触发pipeline的channelActive
io.netty.channel.MultithreadEventLoopGroup#register(io.netty.channel.Channel)
io.netty.channel.SingleThreadEventLoop#register(io.netty.channel.Channel)
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) {
return register(new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, this));
}
public ChannelFuture register(final ChannelPromise promise) {
ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(promise, "promise");
promise.channel().unsafe().register(this, promise);
return promise;
}
io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#register
public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
if (eventLoop == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("eventLoop");
}
if (isRegistered()) {
promise.setFailure(new IllegalStateException("registered to an event loop already"));
return;
}
if (!isCompatible(eventLoop)) {
promise.setFailure(
new IllegalStateException("incompatible event loop type: " + eventLoop.getClass().getName()));
return;
}
AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
// 判断当前线程是eventloop中的线程，不是则启动eventLoop中的线程，执行注册
if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
register0(promise);
} else {
try {
// 开启eventLoop的线程，死循环取队列里的任务
eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
register0(promise);
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn(
"Force-closing a channel whose registration task was not accepted by an event loop: {}",
AbstractChannel.this, t);
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
}
开启eventLoop的线程，死循环取队列里的任务
public void execute(Runnable task) {
if (task == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("task");
}
boolean inEventLoop = inEventLoop();
// 加入队列
addTask(task);
if (!inEventLoop) {
startThread();
if (isShutdown()) {
boolean reject = false;
try {
if (removeTask(task)) {
reject = true;
}
} catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {
// The task queue does not support removal so the best thing we can do is to just move on and
// hope we will be able to pick-up the task before its completely terminated.
// In worst case we will log on termination.
}
if (reject) {
reject();
}
}
}
if (!addTaskWakesUp && wakesUpForTask(task)) {
wakeup(inEventLoop);
}
}
io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor#startThread
io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor#doStartThread
private void doStartThread() {
assert thread == null;
/*
这个executor代理了ThreadPerTaskExecutor
*/
executor.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
thread = Thread.currentThread();
if (interrupted) {
thread.interrupt();
}
boolean success = false;
updateLastExecutionTime();
try {
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.run();
success = true;
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn("Unexpected exception from an event executor: ", t);
} finally {
for (;;) {
int oldState = state;
if (oldState >= ST_SHUTTING_DOWN || STATE_UPDATER.compareAndSet(
SingleThreadEventExecutor.this, oldState, ST_SHUTTING_DOWN)) {
break;
}
}
// Check if confirmShutdown() was called at the end of the loop.
if (success && gracefulShutdownStartTime == 0) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error("Buggy " + EventExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + " implementation; " +
SingleThreadEventExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + ".confirmShutdown() must " +
"be called before run() implementation terminates.");
}
}
try {
// Run all remaining tasks and shutdown hooks.
for (;;) {
if (confirmShutdown()) {
break;
}
}
} finally {
try {
cleanup();
} finally {
// Lets remove all FastThreadLocals for the Thread as we are about to terminate and notify
// the future. The user may block on the future and once it unblocks the JVM may terminate
// and start unloading classes.
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/6596.
FastThreadLocal.removeAll();
STATE_UPDATER.set(SingleThreadEventExecutor.this, ST_TERMINATED);
threadLock.countDown();
if (logger.isWarnEnabled() && !taskQueue.isEmpty()) {
logger.warn("An event executor terminated with " +
"non-empty task queue (" + taskQueue.size() + ')');
}
terminationFuture.setSuccess(null);
}
}
}
}
});
}
this.executor = ThreadExecutorMap.apply(executor, this);
public static Executor apply(final Executor executor, final EventExecutor eventExecutor) {
ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(executor, "executor");
ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(eventExecutor, "eventExecutor");
// executor是ThreadPerTaskExecutor，execute是new FastThreadLocalThread线程并执行命令
return new Executor() {
@Override
public void execute(final Runnable command) {
executor.execute(apply(command, eventExecutor));
}
};
}
public static Runnable apply(final Runnable command, final EventExecutor eventExecutor) {
ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(command, "command");
ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(eventExecutor, "eventExecutor");
return new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// private static final FastThreadLocal<EventExecutor> mappings = new FastThreadLocal<EventExecutor>(); 设置线程当前的eventloop
setCurrentEventExecutor(eventExecutor);
try {
command.run();
} finally {
setCurrentEventExecutor(null);
}
}
};
}
protected void run() {
for (;;) {
try {
try {
switch (selectStrategy.calculateStrategy(selectNowSupplier, hasTasks())) {
case SelectStrategy.CONTINUE:
continue;
case SelectStrategy.BUSY_WAIT:
// fall-through to SELECT since the busy-wait is not supported with NIO
case SelectStrategy.SELECT:
select(wakenUp.getAndSet(false));
// 'wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)' is always evaluated
// before calling 'selector.wakeup()' to reduce the wake-up
// overhead. (Selector.wakeup() is an expensive operation.)
//
// However, there is a race condition in this approach.
// The race condition is triggered when 'wakenUp' is set to
// true too early.
//
// 'wakenUp' is set to true too early if:
// 1) Selector is waken up between 'wakenUp.set(false)' and
// 'selector.select(...)'. (BAD)
// 2) Selector is waken up between 'selector.select(...)' and
// 'if (wakenUp.get()) { ... }'. (OK)
//
// In the first case, 'wakenUp' is set to true and the
// following 'selector.select(...)' will wake up immediately.
// Until 'wakenUp' is set to false again in the next round,
// 'wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)' will fail, and therefore
// any attempt to wake up the Selector will fail, too, causing
// the following 'selector.select(...)' call to block
// unnecessarily.
//
// To fix this problem, we wake up the selector again if wakenUp
// is true immediately after selector.select(...).
// It is inefficient in that it wakes up the selector for both
// the first case (BAD - wake-up required) and the second case
// (OK - no wake-up required).
if (wakenUp.get()) {
selector.wakeup();
}
// fall through
default:
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// If we receive an IOException here its because the Selector is messed up. Let's rebuild
// the selector and retry. https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8566
rebuildSelector0();
handleLoopException(e);
continue;
}
cancelledKeys = 0;
needsToSelectAgain = false;
final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
if (ioRatio == 100) {
try {
processSelectedKeys();
} finally {
// Ensure we always run tasks.
runAllTasks();
}
} else {
final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();
try {
processSelectedKeys();
} finally {
// Ensure we always run tasks.
final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleLoopException(t);
}
// Always handle shutdown even if the loop processing threw an exception.
try {
if (isShuttingDown()) {
closeAll();
if (confirmShutdown()) {
return;
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleLoopException(t);
}
}
}
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
try {
// check if the channel is still open as it could be closed in the mean time when the register
// call was outside of the eventLoop
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
// 注册事件0到serverSocket
doRegister();
neverRegistered = false;
registered = true;
// Ensure we call handlerAdded(...) before we actually notify the promise. This is needed as the
// user may already fire events through the pipeline in the ChannelFutureListener.
pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();
// 通知注册成功
safeSetSuccess(promise);
pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
// Only fire a channelActive if the channel has never been registered. This prevents firing
// multiple channel actives if the channel is deregistered and re-registered.
//server socket的注册不会走进下面if,server socket接受连接创建的socket可以走进去。因为accept后就active了。
if (isActive()) {
if (firstRegistration) {
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
} else if (config().isAutoRead()) {
// This channel was registered before and autoRead() is set. This means we need to begin read
// again so that we process inbound data.
//
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4805
beginRead();
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
// Close the channel directly to avoid FD leak.
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioChannel#doRegister
protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
boolean selected = false;
for (;;) {
try {
// 注册socket的0事件到selector
selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this);
return;
} catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
if (!selected) {
// Force the Selector to select now as the "canceled" SelectionKey may still be
// cached and not removed because no Select.select(..) operation was called yet.
eventLoop().selectNow();
selected = true;
} else {
// We forced a select operation on the selector before but the SelectionKey is still cached
// for whatever reason. JDK bug ?
throw e;
}
}
}
}
注册事件0后，开始绑定端口
private static void doBind0(
final ChannelFuture regFuture, final Channel channel,
final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
// This method is invoked before channelRegistered() is triggered. Give user handlers a chance to set up
// the pipeline in its channelRegistered() implementation.
// 选择一个线程执行绑定
channel.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// regFuture.isSuccess阻塞直到注册成功
if (regFuture.isSuccess()) {
// 绑定端口，从pipeline的尾节点往前找OutboundContext的executionMask是MASK_BIND的handlerContext，找到headContext（findContextOutbound(MASK_BIND)
channel.bind(localAddress, promise).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
} else {
promise.setFailure(regFuture.cause());
}
}
});
}
io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.HeadContext#bind
io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#bind
io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel#doBind
io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#bind
public final void bind(final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
assertEventLoop();
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
// See: https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/576
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(config().getOption(ChannelOption.SO_BROADCAST)) &&
localAddress instanceof InetSocketAddress &&
!((InetSocketAddress) localAddress).getAddress().isAnyLocalAddress() &&
!PlatformDependent.isWindows() && !PlatformDependent.maybeSuperUser()) {
// Warn a user about the fact that a non-root user can't receive a
// broadcast packet on *nix if the socket is bound on non-wildcard address.
logger.warn(
"A non-root user can't receive a broadcast packet if the socket " +
"is not bound to a wildcard address; binding to a non-wildcard " +
"address (" + localAddress + ") anyway as requested.");
}
// socket还未激活，
/*
public boolean isActive() {
// As java.nio.ServerSocketChannel.isBound() will continue to return true even after the channel was closed
// we will also need to check if it is open.
return isOpen() && javaChannel().socket().isBound();
}
*/
boolean wasActive = isActive();
try {
// 最底层的bind
doBind(localAddress);
} catch (Throwable t) {
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
closeIfClosed();
return;
}
if (!wasActive && isActive()) {
// bind之后active=true
// 如果刚才没激活，这时候已经激活了，则fireChannelActive，监听读请求
invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 执行pipeline socket激活事件，从head往后找到InBound是MASK_CHANNEL_ACTIVE的channelContext，找到一开始注册的handler
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
}
});
}
safeSetSuccess(promise);
}
protected void doBind(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
if (PlatformDependent.javaVersion() >= 7) {
javaChannel().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
} else {
javaChannel().socket().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
}
}
private void invokeLater(Runnable task) {
try {
// This method is used by outbound operation implementations to trigger an inbound event later.
// They do not trigger an inbound event immediately because an outbound operation might have been
// triggered by another inbound event handler method. If fired immediately, the call stack
// will look like this for example:
//
// handlerA.inboundBufferUpdated() - (1) an inbound handler method closes a connection.
// -> handlerA.ctx.close()
// -> channel.unsafe.close()
// -> handlerA.channelInactive() - (2) another inbound handler method called while in (1) yet
//
// which means the execution of two inbound handler methods of the same handler overlap undesirably.
eventLoop().execute(task);
} catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
logger.warn("Can't invoke task later as EventLoop rejected it", e);
}
}
Headcontext的channelActive
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ctx.fireChannelActive();
// 注册读事件：读包括：创建连接/读数据
readIfIsAutoRead();
}
io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.HeadContext#readIfIsAutoRead
io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel#read
io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline#read
io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext#read
io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.HeadContext#read
public void read(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
//实际上就是注册OP_ACCEPT/OP_READ事件:创建连接或者读事件
unsafe.beginRead();
}
public final void beginRead() {
assertEventLoop();
if (!isActive()) {
return;
}
try {
doBeginRead();
} catch (final Exception e) {
invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
pipeline.fireExceptionCaught(e);
}
});
close(voidPromise());
}
}
protected void doBeginRead() throws Exception {
// Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() was called
final SelectionKey selectionKey = this.selectionKey;
if (!selectionKey.isValid()) {
return;
}
readPending = true;
final int interestOps = selectionKey.interestOps();
//假设之前没有监听readInterestOp，则监听readInterestOp
if ((interestOps & readInterestOp) == 0) {
//注册accept事件，NioServerSocketChannel: readInterestOp = OP_ACCEPT = 1 << 4 = 16
logger.info("interest ops： " + readInterestOp);
selectionKey.interestOps(interestOps | readInterestOp);
}
}
到这里为止，bind结束，selector上注册了OP_ACCEPT
register->bind->active->set op_accept
boss thread
worker thread
如果连接请求到达，进入ServerBootstrapAcceptor的channelRead函数，将socketChannel注册到workerGroup的某个线程中
io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap.ServerBootstrapAcceptor#channelRead
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
// NioSocketChannel
final Channel child = (Channel) msg;
// 插入childhandler
child.pipeline().addLast(childHandler);
setChannelOptions(child, childOptions, logger);
setAttributes(child, childAttrs);
try {
// 在nioSocketChannel上注册读事件，注册流程同注册accpet事件
childGroup.register(child).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
if (!future.isSuccess()) {
forceClose(child, future.cause());
}
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
forceClose(child, t);
}
}
nioEventLoop线程
io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop#run
//死循环监听、处理事件
protected void run() {
for (;;) {
try {
try {
switch (selectStrategy.calculateStrategy(selectNowSupplier, hasTasks())) {
case SelectStrategy.CONTINUE:
continue;
case SelectStrategy.BUSY_WAIT:
// fall-through to SELECT since the busy-wait is not supported with NIO
case SelectStrategy.SELECT:
// select
select(wakenUp.getAndSet(false));
// 'wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)' is always evaluated
// before calling 'selector.wakeup()' to reduce the wake-up
// overhead. (Selector.wakeup() is an expensive operation.)
//
// However, there is a race condition in this approach.
// The race condition is triggered when 'wakenUp' is set to
// true too early.
//
// 'wakenUp' is set to true too early if:
// 1) Selector is waken up between 'wakenUp.set(false)' and
// 'selector.select(...)'. (BAD)
// 2) Selector is waken up between 'selector.select(...)' and
// 'if (wakenUp.get()) { ... }'. (OK)
//
// In the first case, 'wakenUp' is set to true and the
// following 'selector.select(...)' will wake up immediately.
// Until 'wakenUp' is set to false again in the next round,
// 'wakenUp.compareAndSet(false, true)' will fail, and therefore
// any attempt to wake up the Selector will fail, too, causing
// the following 'selector.select(...)' call to block
// unnecessarily.
//
// To fix this problem, we wake up the selector again if wakenUp
// is true immediately after selector.select(...).
// It is inefficient in that it wakes up the selector for both
// the first case (BAD - wake-up required) and the second case
// (OK - no wake-up required).
if (wakenUp.get()) {
selector.wakeup();
}
// fall through
default:
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// If we receive an IOException here its because the Selector is messed up. Let's rebuild
// the selector and retry. https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/8566
rebuildSelector0();
handleLoopException(e);
continue;
}
cancelledKeys = 0;
needsToSelectAgain = false;
final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
if (ioRatio == 100) {
try {
processSelectedKeys();
} finally {
// Ensure we always run tasks.
runAllTasks();
}
} else {
final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();
try {
processSelectedKeys();
} finally {
// Ensure we always run tasks.
final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleLoopException(t);
}
// Always handle shutdown even if the loop processing threw an exception.
try {
if (isShuttingDown()) {
closeAll();
if (confirmShutdown()) {
return;
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleLoopException(t);
}
}
}
private void processSelectedKeysOptimized() {
for (int i = 0; i < selectedKeys.size; ++i) {
final SelectionKey k = selectedKeys.keys[i];
// null out entry in the array to allow to have it GC'ed once the Channel close
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2363
selectedKeys.keys[i] = null;
//呼应于channel的register中的this: 例如：selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this);
final Object a = k.attachment();
if (a instanceof AbstractNioChannel) {
processSelectedKey(k, (AbstractNioChannel) a);
} else {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
NioTask<SelectableChannel> task = (NioTask<SelectableChannel>) a;
processSelectedKey(k, task);
}
if (needsToSelectAgain) {
// null out entries in the array to allow to have it GC'ed once the Channel close
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2363
selectedKeys.reset(i + 1);
selectAgain();
i = -1;
}
}
}
private void processSelectedKey(SelectionKey k, AbstractNioChannel ch) {
final AbstractNioChannel.NioUnsafe unsafe = ch.unsafe();
if (!k.isValid()) {
final EventLoop eventLoop;
try {
eventLoop = ch.eventLoop();
} catch (Throwable ignored) {
// If the channel implementation throws an exception because there is no event loop, we ignore this
// because we are only trying to determine if ch is registered to this event loop and thus has authority
// to close ch.
return;
}
// Only close ch if ch is still registered to this EventLoop. ch could have deregistered from the event loop
// and thus the SelectionKey could be cancelled as part of the deregistration process, but the channel is
// still healthy and should not be closed.
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/5125
if (eventLoop != this || eventLoop == null) {
return;
}
// close the channel if the key is not valid anymore
unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise());
return;
}
try {
int readyOps = k.readyOps();
// We first need to call finishConnect() before try to trigger a read(...) or write(...) as otherwise
// the NIO JDK channel implementation may throw a NotYetConnectedException.
if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT) != 0) {
// remove OP_CONNECT as otherwise Selector.select(..) will always return without blocking
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/924
int ops = k.interestOps();
ops &= ~SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT;
k.interestOps(ops);
unsafe.finishConnect();
}
// Process OP_WRITE first as we may be able to write some queued buffers and so free memory.
if ((readyOps & SelectionKey.OP_WRITE) != 0) {
// Call forceFlush which will also take care of clear the OP_WRITE once there is nothing left to write
ch.unsafe().forceFlush();
}
// Also check for readOps of 0 to workaround possible JDK bug which may otherwise lead
// to a spin loop
//处理读请求（断开连接）或接入连接
if ((readyOps & (SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT)) != 0 || readyOps == 0) {
unsafe.read();
}
} catch (CancelledKeyException ignored) {
unsafe.close(unsafe.voidPromise());
}
}
io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioMessageChannel.NioMessageUnsafe#read
public void read() {
assert eventLoop().inEventLoop();
final ChannelConfig config = config();
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = unsafe().recvBufAllocHandle();
allocHandle.reset(config);
boolean closed = false;
Throwable exception = null;
try {
try {
do {
// 读数据，readBuf存的是连接成功的NioSocketChannel
int localRead = doReadMessages(readBuf);
if (localRead == 0) {
break;
}
if (localRead < 0) {
closed = true;
break;
}
allocHandle.incMessagesRead(localRead);
// 是否继续读，accept事件没数据，不需要继续
} while (allocHandle.continueReading());
} catch (Throwable t) {
exception = t;
}
int size = readBuf.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
readPending = false;
// 触发所有io事件的channelRead事件
pipeline.fireChannelRead(readBuf.get(i));
}
readBuf.clear();
allocHandle.readComplete();
// 触发事件
pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();
if (exception != null) {
closed = closeOnReadError(exception);
pipeline.fireExceptionCaught(exception);
}
if (closed) {
inputShutdown = true;
if (isOpen()) {
close(voidPromise());
}
}
} finally {
// Check if there is a readPending which was not processed yet.
// This could be for two reasons:
// * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelRead(...) method
// * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelReadComplete(...) method
//
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2254
if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
removeReadOp();
}
}
}
}
protected int doReadMessages(List<Object> buf) throws Exception {
//接受新连接创建SocketChannel
SocketChannel ch = SocketUtils.accept(javaChannel());
try {
if (ch != null) {
// 创建数据传输socket
buf.add(new NioSocketChannel(this, ch));
return 1;
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.warn("Failed to create a new channel from an accepted socket.", t);
try {
ch.close();
} catch (Throwable t2) {
logger.warn("Failed to close a socket.", t2);
}
}
return 0;
}
io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap.ServerBootstrapAcceptor#channelRead
pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
socketChannel设置childhandler
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
final Channel child = (Channel) msg;
child.pipeline().addLast(childHandler);
setChannelOptions(child, childOptions, logger);
for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: childAttrs) {
child.attr((AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey()).set(e.getValue());
}
try {
childGroup.register(child).addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
@Override
public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
if (!future.isSuccess()) {
forceClose(child, future.cause());
}
}
});
} catch (Throwable t) {
forceClose(child, t);
}
}
@Override
public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) {
return register(new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, this));
}
@Override
public ChannelFuture register(final ChannelPromise promise) {
ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(promise, "promise");
promise.channel().unsafe().register(this, promise);
return promise;
}
register和bind 一样的流程，在socketChannel的selector注册了事件0，然后激活pipeline
private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
try {
// check if the channel is still open as it could be closed in the mean time when the register
// call was outside of the eventLoop
if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
return;
}
boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
doRegister();
neverRegistered = false;
registered = true;
// Ensure we call handlerAdded(...) before we actually notify the promise. This is needed as the
// user may already fire events through the pipeline in the ChannelFutureListener.
pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();
safeSetSuccess(promise);
pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
// Only fire a channelActive if the channel has never been registered. This prevents firing
// multiple channel actives if the channel is deregistered and re-registered.
if (isActive()) {
if (firstRegistration) {
// 调用pipeline的fireChannelActive
pipeline.fireChannelActive();
} else if (config().isAutoRead()) {
// This channel was registered before and autoRead() is set. This means we need to begin read
// again so that we process inbound data.
//
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4805
beginRead();
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
// Close the channel directly to avoid FD leak.
closeForcibly();
closeFuture.setClosed();
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
}
}
然后在selector上注册可读事件同设置acceptor事件流程
多路复用器( Selector )接收到 OP_READ 事件
处理 OP_READ 事件:NioSocketChannel.NioSocketChannelUnsafe.read()
io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel.NioByteUnsafe#read
public final void read() {
final ChannelConfig config = config();
if (shouldBreakReadReady(config)) {
clearReadPending();
return;
}
final ChannelPipeline pipeline = pipeline();
final ByteBufAllocator allocator = config.getAllocator();
final RecvByteBufAllocator.Handle allocHandle = recvBufAllocHandle();
allocHandle.reset(config);
ByteBuf byteBuf = null;
boolean close = false;
try {
do {
byteBuf = allocHandle.allocate(allocator);
allocHandle.lastBytesRead(doReadBytes(byteBuf));
if (allocHandle.lastBytesRead() <= 0) {
// nothing was read. release the buffer.
byteBuf.release();
byteBuf = null;
close = allocHandle.lastBytesRead() < 0;
if (close) {
// There is nothing left to read as we received an EOF.
readPending = false;
}
break;
}
allocHandle.incMessagesRead(1);
readPending = false;
pipeline.fireChannelRead(byteBuf);
byteBuf = null;
} while (allocHandle.continueReading());
allocHandle.readComplete();
pipeline.fireChannelReadComplete();
if (close) {
closeOnRead(pipeline);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
handleReadException(pipeline, byteBuf, t, close, allocHandle);
} finally {
// Check if there is a readPending which was not processed yet.
// This could be for two reasons:
// * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelRead(...) method
// * The user called Channel.read() or ChannelHandlerContext.read() in channelReadComplete(...) method
//
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2254
if (!readPending && !config.isAutoRead()) {
removeReadOp();
}
}
}
接受数据流程pipeline.fireChannelRead(byteBuf) 函数，处理业务逻辑
实现了channelInboundHandler的handler处理
public final ChannelPipeline fireChannelRead(Object msg) {
AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(head, msg);
return this;
}
处理业务本质:数据在 pipeline 中所有的 handler 的 channelRead() 执行过程
默认处理线程就是 Channel 绑定的 NioEventLoop 线程，也可以设置其他:
pipeline.addLast(new UnorderedThreadPoolEventExecutor(10), serverHandler)
Write - 写数据到 buffer :
ChannelOutboundBuffer#addMessage
Flush - 发送 buffer 里面的数据: AbstractChannel.AbstractUnsafe#flush
准备数据: ChannelOutboundBuffer#addFlush
发送:NioSocketChannel#doWrite
public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
unsafe.write(msg, promise);
}
public final void write(Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) {
assertEventLoop();
ChannelOutboundBuffer outboundBuffer = this.outboundBuffer;
//下面的判断，是判断是否channel已经关闭了。
if (outboundBuffer == null) {
// If the outboundBuffer is null we know the channel was closed and so
// need to fail the future right away. If it is not null the handling of the rest
// will be done in flush0()
// See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2362
safeSetFailure(promise, newClosedChannelException(initialCloseCause));
// release message now to prevent resource-leak
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
return;
}
int size;
try {
msg = filterOutboundMessage(msg);
size = pipeline.estimatorHandle().size(msg);
if (size < 0) {
size = 0;
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
safeSetFailure(promise, t);
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
return;
}
outboundBuffer.addMessage(msg, size, promise);
}
https://juejin.im/post/5be00763e51d453d4a5cf289
https://time.geekbang.org/course/detail/237-158157
https://blog.csdn.net/u010739551/article/details/82887411